Joseph Lancaster (1778-1838) led a movement, based in England, to establish schools that used what he called the Monitorial System, sometimes called the "Lancasterian" or "Lancastrian" System, in which more advanced students taught less advanced ones, enabling a small number of adult masters to educate large numbers of students at low cost in basic and often advanced skills. Portrait by J. Hazlitt, in the National Portrait Gallery, London.